Q: Do we know from these texts whether women played a much larger role in Christianity than one would think?
A: In the Gospel of Mary, for example, Mary Magdalene appears not as a prostitute but as a disciple -- not only a disciple, but a special disciple who was entrusted with particularly deep understandings of the teachings of Jesus, as the Gospel of Thomas suggests about Thomas. In some of these other Gospels, we find women in very different positions, with very different kinds of respect -- as disciples, as apostles, as teachers -- than you find in the Gospels of the New Testament.
Q: In fact, some of the early Christian churches were led by women?
A: Yes, many of them were. But women were not allowed positions of formal authority after the second century in orthodox churches.
Q: What would have been the effect if we had looked at Jesus in the way Thomas did?
A: If the Gospel of Thomas had survived within the tradition, we would have had just simply a greater range of understandings of Jesus. One could see him as a sacrifice for sin. One could see him as a teacher of righteousness, a teacher of love for the other and love for God. And one could also see him as a manifestation of what is potential in everyone.
Excerpts from Mary Alice Williams's interview with Princeton historian Elaine Pagels, author of BEYOND BELIEF: THE SECRET GOSPEL OF THOMAS (Random House)